With its picturesque setting alongside Fewston reservoir, and famously good cakes, Washburn Heritage Centre is a popular place to visit.

But the centre’s tranquil location belies a harrowing and less well known past that local volunteers have helped to piece together over the last decade.

In 2009 and 2010, before the centre was built alongside St Michael and St Lawrence Church, volunteers worked alongside academics and archaeologist John Buglass to investigate human remains buried in the graveyard.

Child workers were transported from London to the Washburn Valley to work on mills in Blubberhouses in Victorian times. The bodies of many lay unmarked alongside Fewston.

Sally Robinson (left) and fellow volunteer Sarah Stead outside the heritage centre.

Sally Robinson, chair of the management committee at the centre, who led the team of volunteers, said:

“We knew there were remains, but we didn’t know how many.”

The remains of 154 individuals and artefacts were discovered and now form what has become known as the Fewston assemblage.

The assemblage has assumed international significance for archeologists because of the social history it reveals.

Scientists and community volunteers analysing the skeletal remains from Fewston

An academic paper published last month detailed how the investigation led by Durham University pieced together the story of forgotten ‘pauper apprentices’ from Washburn Valley. Many were aged between eight and 20 years when they died.

Analysis showed the children were distinctive from locals because of their stunted growth and malnutrition, as well as evidence of diseases associated with hazardous labour.

Examination of the bones and teeth highlighted many had died from tuberculosis and respiratory disease associated with millwork, or from diseases of deprivation, such as rickets.

Lead author Rebecca Gowland, a professor in the department of archaeology at Durham University, said:

“This is the first bioarchaeological evidence for pauper apprentices in the past and it unequivocally highlights the toll placed on their developing bodies. To see direct evidence, written in the bones, of the hardships these children had faced was very moving.

“It was important to the scientists and the local community that these findings could provide a testimony of their short lives.”

From the excavation site in Fewston where the remains were discovered. Pic: John Buglass Archaeology

The remains were reburied in a ceremony in 2016. Artwork inspired by the analysis and an exhibition are on now on permanent display at Washburn Heritage Centre.

Ms Robinson said:

“It’s easy to forget that the Washburn valley had an industrial past given the beauty of the reservoirs that visitors see today. It was important to us to find out about the children who worked in the mills.

“They were overlooked in life and treated as a commodity — but we hope we have done them some justice by telling their stories and creating a lasting commemoration.”

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The tea room overlooking Swinsty reservoir at Washburn Heritage Centre will re-open on Saturday.

The volunteer-run centre, which is renowned for its home-made cakes, is situated in the surroundings of Fewston church.

Customers will be served in the outdoor seated area.

As well as its tea rooms, the centre hosts events that promote the culture and heritage of the Washburn Valley. However, indoor areas remain closed.

The tea room will be open on Saturday from 11am until 1.30pm and on Sunday from 11am until 4pm.

It will then be open every following Saturday and Sunday from 11am to 4pm.

The centre is owned by Fewston and Blubberhouses Parochial Church Council.

Sarah Stead, who is responsible for the centre’s PR and marketing, said:

“We look forward to serving our delicious home-made cakes and sandwiches in our beautiful setting at Fewston church.

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An historic building is gearing up to mark a significant anniversary, despite having been closed for most of the last year.

The Washburn Heritage Centre, which sits close to Swinsty Reservoir, was extended in 2011 to create exhibition and meeting space as well as a tea room.

The 10th anniversary of its opening falls this month, but covid restrictions mean celebrations have been put on hold. However, its members are making plans for a month of events in June to ensure the occasion is not missed.

The centre has proved increasingly popular since it opened, attracting visitors from West Yorkshire and Lancashire, as well as more locally. Walkers appreciate the opportunity to refuel with some of the cakes made by volunteers, while the exhibitions about the rich local history have also proved a draw to visitors.

However, the last year has seen the tea rooms open for just a few weeks for take-away food and drinks. Volunteer Sarah Stead said:

“We have lost a lot of money and members, but we’re still keeping things going. A lot of the members are elderly and that puts them off coming and volunteering, but we hope they will come back in future.

“There’s still a lot going on online, and we have some great plans for the anniversary. We’re hoping we’ll be able to have an exhibition about the last 10 years, and a variety of talks from people involved from the beginning, like the architect and the people who started it all going.”

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While plans are yet to be finalised and will depend on any covid restrictions still in place, the volunteers are doing their utmost to keep people interested even while they can’t visit.

A series of online talks and events is planned, beginning with a look at a project to increase local populations of the spotted flycatcher, which is under threat in the UK.

The centre’s website also has an online archive of local photos and is posting regularly on its social media accounts. News about the anniversary plans and future events will be announced when covid restrictions are eased.