This history is written for The Stray Ferret by celebrated Harrogate historian, Malcolm Neesam. 

I should be surprised if many Harrogate people realised that for many years, the town’s biggest cinema was the Royal Hall, with its then 1,300 seats. This may seem doubly surprising, as the Harrogate Corporation was not permitted to run a trading concern, nor was the private sector reluctant to invest in cinemas, yet despite this, the Royal Hall put on cinematographic presentations on an almost daily basis between 1908 and 1948, when screenings stopped.

When a new theatre opened on Skipton Road at Christmas 1914 – the Palace – it presented both variety shows and films, but by the end of the Great War, films predominated. Rather out on a limb, the Palace was very much a Bilton phenomenon, and in 1947 it changed its name to the ”Ritz” before finally closing in 1962. Harrogate’s other venue for film was the Empire Music Hall,  at Empire Buildings (now Cardamom Black restaurant in Cheltenham Parade) which like the Palace had opened for variety, but which in the 1920’s found cinema a more profitable exercise.

The Kursaal’s only rival was the St. James' Picture House in Cambridge Street, which in October 1908 occupied the St. James Coffee House and Conservative Club, whose Hall was suitable for film presentation, although of a primitive nature. It consisted of a projection unit at the centre of the room, with plank seats, and there are references to it having an “orchestra”.  Until the end of the Great War, Harrogate's regular commercial screenings were restricted to the Kursaal and the St. James' Cinema, but in 1920, everything changed.

Harrogate learned that it was to have a new custom-built cinema in May 1919, when permission was given to build. At the same time, a second cinema – the Scala – was announced for the western end of Cambridge Street. The Central Cinema was built within the surrounding property of the Central Arcade, exactly opposite the entrance to the Theatre. It was to have 1,000 seats, and an organ, and was opened by the Mayor on 31^st August 1920.

No sooner had the Central Cinema been opened, than it was followed on 29^th September 1920 by a second new “super cinema”, the Scala,  in Cambridge Street, an impressive structure of gleaming white glazed tiles fronting an elaborate interior filled with polished Spanish mahogany, terrazzo floors and an auditorium accommodating 1,400 seats, some of which were in the form of private boxes.

After the arrival in 1928 of the Warner Brothers film, “Singing Fool”, with Al Jolson, the “talkies” were all the rage, and a new wave of cinema construction began. The Royal Hall purchased the Western Electric system in 1931 and began to screen popular musicals, such as the Fred Astair/Ginger Rogers films, and the Central converted at the same time..

On 17^th June 1935, the Council approved plans from Odeon Theatres ltd for a new Cinema on East Parade which was initially publicised as having 1,800 seats. A flutter of excitement passed through the town’s many cinema enthusiasts, who realised that this was to be the first new cinema built in the town that was designed with “talking pictures” in mind, rather than an updated relic from the days of “silent” films. Named the “Odeon”, the new cinema had been designed by the famed architect Harry W. Weedon for Odeon Theatres Ltd whose Managing Director, Oscar Deutsch, was rumoured not to like cinema organs. Whatever the truth of this, the new Odeon had no organ, but was furnished with the latest sound reproduction equipment manufactured by the British Thomson-Houston Company.

Externally, the strikingly handsome art deco design was faced with cream and black tiles, highlighted with neon lighting strips in orange. Internally, perfect screen viewing was available from every one of the ground floor’s 1,000 and the balcony’s 600 seats, due to there being no pillars, and the décor was predominantly gold and silver, countered by carpets and upholstery in blue and green. The £50,000 Odeon Cinema was opened by the Mayor, Councillor S. Cartright, on Monday 28^th September 1936, in the presence of Mr. and Mrs Oscar Deutsch, 1,600 guests, and the Band of the16/5th Lancers.

The opening of the new Odeon Cinema in 1936 was followed within a year by the opening of what was advertised as Harrogate’s seventh cinema – including the Royal Hall. Plans for a 1,646 seater cinema had been submitted to the Council by Associated British Cinema, who had negotiated with St. Peter’s Schools for their old site in Cambridge Road north of St. Peter’s Church.  The new cinema, named the “Regal”, had been designed by Harrogate architect H. Linley Bown.

The work of site clearance began after Easter 1936. The Cambridge Road frontage running up to the main entrance next to St. Peter’s Church, had a further five shops, all of which produced a good income from rentals. By the time the Regal was ready to be opened by Mayor Harry Bolland on Saturday 18^th September 1937, the main auditorium has been fitted with 1,120 seats and the balcony had 526, making a total seating capacity of 1,646.  The internal décor was of gold and red, whose warm, rich tones were very different from those at the Odeon.  The greatest difference between the two new cinemas was that whereas the Odeon had no organ, the Regal had a magnificent Compton (see feature image), which had its console on a rising platform, placed where a theatre's orchestral pit would normally be positioned.

Harrogate lost several of its cinemas during the 1960’s, when the Central, Ritz, Gaumont (formerly the Scala) and St. James’ Cinemas all closed, but in 2016 the splendid new Everyman Cinema opened in Station Parade on the site of the former Beales Department store. With a seating capacity for 400, and an attractive range of cafes and restaurant facilities, the building is an important addition to the town’s entertainment and leisure amenities.

 

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